Recovery, Renewal, Resilience

This can help to prevent deaths and stop the number of cases accelerating as suppression measures are eased. The benefits of these measures are:

1. Containment measures allow us to reduce suppression measures without the spread of the virus accelerating
2. Shielding the vulnerable allows us to reduce the death toll of the virus even if the spread of the virus does accelerate. Older people and people with relevant health conditions would be protected

European countries are starting to ease, but containment and shielding capacity appears limited, risking acceleration of the virus. East Asia has advanced containment capacity and anticipate better testing and tracing capacity and widespread use of masks.

The aim of the survey can be to evaluate well-being and quality of life to assess the possible long-term impacts on health. Consider:

• An online survey on well-being completed now and repeated in a year's time
• Identification of any previous surveys conducted on wellbeing and comparison of the findings

The findings can inform policy development, project prioritisation, and evaluate health-based equality/inequality.

Such as ISO22301 'Business continuity management systems' from The British Standards Institution (BSI).

Guidance such as this addresses 'financial, legal, regulatory, environmental, reputational and emotional consequences arising from a risk or actual incident, and the consequences of activities associated with organizational recovery'. It also acknowledges the importance of flexible and scalable recovery in times of uncertainty.

Additionally, consider where the biggest bottlenecks are, and respond by changing your focus 'as you go'. Use data and feedback loops now to get a market-level perspective that is targeted and can support forecasting for recovery.

These groups should represent the community's views on what recovery should involve. These groups should feed views and concerns into the government's Recovery Group. It is important to consider participant fatigue when collecting community data about recovery needs.

Reference: Chief Resilience Officer, USA

In Korea, The Cellular Broadcasting Service enables government agencies to transmit text messages to cell phones through mobile telecom carriers in Korea. This service is particularly useful during an emergency but also builds resilience into the system for the future.

Metropolitan and local governments in Korea are equipped with a system that can send messages to their residents without having to receive approval from the Ministry of the Interior and Safety (MOIS). This allows them to make their own locally relevant decisions.

Delhi, Mumbai and Calcutta have seen reduction in Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and Sulphur oxides (SOx). Bird species are recovering and animals are reclaiming roads and beaches. Rainfall patterns also appear to be changing. Consider the impact on the environment when production and supply chains recover.

Reference: Government of India representative

It is critical that governments and civil society proactively combat stigma and discrimination through regular and transparent communication on the transmission of the virus and other aspects of the pandemic, cautioning against laying blame or accusations against any group of people.

This can include:

• Don't forget the basics. Urban design should facilitate certain behaviours and feelings, and shape a built environment that creates value (economic, social, environmental, health, individual, safety)
• Consider redefining what we mean by Place+Making. Ultimately, places are a socially constructed phenomena so can the definition of place be broadened i.e. virtual spaces (Milan brought museums and art galleries online, working from home).
• Consider how urban spaces can perpetuate inequities i.e. accessibility, affordability, and how basic needs can be met.
• Learn from inequalities that arise to tackle social issues such as loneliness, discrimination etc.

In the UK, the NHS Volunteer Responder scheme had 750,000 registrations but many have not received any task. Untasked volunteers could become disillusioned, lowering motivation and encouraging them to opt out of the scheme. It may undermine their wellbeing as they question their contribution to the crisis response. It may lead to reputational challenges for the tasking organisation, and stop volunteers from registering for future initiatives. If there is spare capacity of volunteers, careful thought is needed to:

1. Communicate with, and address the motivation of, volunteers who have not been tasked
2. Identify a wider range of tasks that volunteers may be able to support
3. Identify a wider range of beneficiaries who need support (e.g. public services)

Reference: Prof Duncan Shaw, University of Manchester, UK

To ensure that statements and information given to the public are consistent, while recognising some regional differences in content. Consider a communication strategy that clearly lays out:

• What will be said
• To whom will it be said
• Who will say it

Consider what existing relationships the news outlets have with organisations and the public and how the media can become a welcomed partner in communications strategies.

Reference: Emergency Planner, Canada

This includes elderly, those with pre-existing health conditions, migrants and homeless. Consult with organisations representing these groups to develop understanding of how they might be affected by complex emergencies and what measures could be taken. (UN -75 People's consultations established for this). For example, in the UK some LRFs are considering how to evacuate during lockdowns or social distancing.

Including those who advise on/support financial issues, relationships, bereavement and mental health. Helplines in Iceland have seen a tripling in the number of callers and report that calls are becoming longer and more difficult.

Investment that considers sustainability to support the 'green agenda' and to continue reduction seen in Co2 emissions as a result of COVID-19.

This may include farming and fishing sectors, tourism, conferences or industries affected by weather conditions i.e. the slowing down of construction in harsh weather. Fluctuations that were traditionally short-term may now have long-term challenges. Preparation should be made to manage change in expenses and revenues beyond the season.

Reference: Emergency Planner, Canada

Impact Assessments can inform evolving governance during recovery, and incorporate the views of multiple stakeholders.

Reference: Chief Resilience Officer, USA

As tents do not provide long-term solution to surges in patients and are no suitable for longer periods of disease in winter. Instead develop "shadow" or auxiliary hospital wards as a spatial reserve for disasters and pandemics. Auxiliary wards would build resilience into the healthcare system for pandemics.

Reference: Expert in Civil Contingency, Germany

Also consider that experts within education have stated that social distancing within schools will not be possible at primary or secondary level.

Material for those supporting frontline workers has been developed using the latest evidence and drawing on expertise from across the world.

One-page resources are available on issues including: readiness, team dynamics, decision making, leadership, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), resilience. This resource is continually being added to.

Additionally, carefully consider inventory levels at every step in the supply chain. Modern supply chain and preferred supplier practices have struggled to ensure reliable and durable supply of masks and ventilators at the scale needed in this pandemic. When a (global) pandemic strikes this can remove the supplier and therefore the products from the market. Develop supply chain resilience through the use of several strategic suppliers rather than seeking exclusive supply from single manufacturers at low price points.

Reference: UK county Council, NHS Emergency Planner and an expert in Civil Contingency, Germany

Managing the quick and safe connection of volunteers to local communities and local services is a key issues in supporting response and recovery. In Sheffield, UK the development of targeted volunteer recruitment maps1 which flag up community hubs, describe roles and responsibilities in community hubs in the city and the local authority have proven to be central in building credible connections2.

The results of these efforts can be developed into a community action plan that encourages a city-wide approach to sharing resources, connecting communities and successfully utilising the voluntary sector.

This highlights the importance of the voluntary sector and the role volunteerism has played in response and the role it can play in recovery. This provides opportunities to bring the volunteering agenda into the fore for future emergencies to support resilience.

1 The Sheffield COVID Support map is made by Martin Fox - Sheffield Data for Good in collaboration with Voluntary Action Sheffield and in conversation with Louis Koseda - Foodhall.

2 https://www.vas.org.uk/what-we-do/covid19/

Canada has considered the following:

• Financial support offered to employees working from home
• Considerations related to parking/mileage reimbursements
• Reporting of taxable benefits and related tax withholding obligations
• Considerations related to temporary relocations

It is important to consider the impacts on both the environment and people's health and safety when restrictions on movements to national parks, beaches and beauty spots are lifted during recovery. The issue is twofold. Firstly, there are health and safety risks associated with lifting restrictions on access to outdoor spaces. An influx of visitors to national parks and beaches could result in a rise in emergency situations such a person being pulled out to sea or lost on mountains.

Consideration should be given to the possible increased need for, and pressure on, mountain rescue and coast guard services. This draws attention to the need for visitor management, inclusive of carparks at nature sites where social distancing is difficult.

Secondly, many countries are seeing wildlife flourishing, whether this is the return of birds or animals, or the rewilding of green spaces. Lifting restrictions could place extreme pressures on the environment due to the influx of human visitors and may lead to the destruction of habitats. Consideration should be given to working closely with conservation experts and educators to inform governments and the public about how to protect and enjoy these spaces, and to encourage ownership of the conservation process.

Reference: Emergency Planner, Canada

Training in psychosocial first aid can help here to increase the network of people who can provide psychosocial support. This can facilitate the population's recovery. This acknowledges that some will need help at a professional level.

Reference: UK County Council

By considering what should open first, what should open last and the PPE requirements of business recovery. Commuting patterns should be considered.

Reference: Chief Resilience Officer, USA and the link below

Rather than different pieces of reference information in different places. This will support recovery as people will know exactly where to get information that is in line with the developing situation relating to Covid-19.

Reference: Officer of the Governor, California, USA

Also consider Faith Communities of all faiths who carry so much knowledge of their community and the skills to help. These organisations are embedded in the community and can help facilitate recovery through support and shared information.

Reference: County Council, UK

Software and cyber experts can only do so much. Informed workers remain the best line of defence, and can ensure the resilience and safety of technical systems for recovery.

Lockdown as to be replaced by something and must ensure there is a well-informed and committed populations that will adapt and adhere to changes to lockdown policy. WHO suggests:

• Disease transmission is under control
• Health systems are able to "detect, test, isolate and treat every case and trace every contact"
• Hot spot risks are minimized in vulnerable places, such as nursing homes
• Schools, workplaces and other essential places have established preventive measures
• The risk of importing new cases "can be managed"
• Communities are fully educated, engaged and empowered to live under a new normal

Using the UK Government's National Recovery Guidance and Emergency Response and Recovery Guidance, and international lessons from pandemic response and recovery, we have developed an initial framework to assess the impact of COVID-19 and consider what dimensions recovery may need to address. This provides the structure to document national/international early recovery lessons for COVID-19 that we summarise in The Manchester Briefing.

Follow the source link to read this framework in full (p.13).

To include a live-ticker on a website counting infections.

Consider the following for recovery in your workplace:

• Establish a business response and continuity office
• Confirm critical roles and backup plans
• Evaluate the actual work of your company and how it might be changed
• Understand what work is mission-critical and what can be deferred or deprioritized
• Prepare your worksite for containment and contamination
• Update travel and meeting protocols
• Review your social media policy and guidelines
• Consider the sources of 'news' and information in the workplace

To get important development done, stimulate the economy, take advantage of quieter city centres, and save jobs.

Reference: Chief Resilience Officers in Greece, Australia and Mexico

To prepare for natural disasters or malicious cyber-attacks.

Reference: Chief Resilience Officer, USA

In Italy, government provided a lump sum compensation of 600 euro to all freelance workers (to compensate for March losses).

Reference: Chief Resilience Officer, Italy

Consider the redeployment of government staff and volunteers can help at the homes and for domiciliary care. Testing of staff and available PPE is essential for these support services to work.

Reference: UK County Council

In the context of COVID-19 to ensure preparedness. Consider the development of Standard Operating Procedures to address this risk.

Consider how to maintain two-metre distance and how to minimise time spent in evacuation centres. Consider working with the military to mobilise responders for emergencies that require international effort in a time where commercial flights are cancelled due to COVID-19.

Reference: Red Cross and UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

This shifts from supply and demand models to one that drives health and well-being. It does this by:

• Setting out the minimum we need to lead a good life, derived from the UN's sustainable development goals (i.e. food and clean water to a certain level of housing, sanitation, energy, education, healthcare, gender equality, income and political voice)
• Considering the ecological ceiling drawn up by earth-system scientists (i.e. avoiding damaging the climate, soils, oceans, the ozone layer, freshwater and abundant biodiversity)
• Considering where everyone's needs and that of the planet are being met

This should include people who are part of the wider working society e.g. municipal waste workers, those involved in food production and distribution, as well as the more obvious workers (health related and response). This would support both the reopening of key services and the economy.

Reference: Chief Resilience Officer, USA

These groups (including the Facebook groups) rapidly led the humanitarian aid to vulnerable people when (they may perceive) no-one else was present. They may now be feeling pushed out by 'officials' who now are taking a leading role in their communities which can mean their reason for existing is being taken over by authorities.

Including those without safe accommodation e.g. homeless, victims of domestic abuse. Consider the sustainability of these measures into longer-term recovery.

Reference: Chief Resilience Officers, USA and Italy

Consider how first responders can develop a 'code compliant, agile public safety office' that can support the public through shared responsibilities.

This lesson was offered by a Chief Resilience Officer in the USA during project data collection.

For example, the Vietnam National COVID-19 Plan commits to engaging the national women's association to collaborate with local governments to effectively manage the outbreak. Such collaborations can inform holistic recovery.

Including care for persons living with disabilities or ante-natal care. The potential negative impacts of COVID-19 prevention and treatment actions need to be considered in decision-making so that vulnerable groups are not doubly affected by both the hazard and the response.

Measures should prevent the entry and spread of COVID-19 by students and staff. Students and staff should not be stigmatized if they become affected and schools should continue to be welcoming, respectful, inclusive, and supportive.

For example, instead of doing the usual Easter egg hunt - encourage people to do something more community centric like creating bags for children in need.

Reference: Chief Resilience Officer, USA

For example: age, gender, and race. In the UK of 2,250 adults surveyed 49% said they had felt more anxious and depressed than normal, 38% said they were having trouble sleeping and, 22% said they were concerned about significant money problems. If current measures are to persist, these figures are likely to rise.

Based on the importance of the function(s) at risk, rather than technology requirements. Technical staff, the latest software and hardware protections and adequate external support from specialized consultants are essential to mitigate cyber risk.

COVID-19 has challenged traditional systems and required innovative thinking about how to recover. In the Caribbean consideration is being given to harnessing the power of renewable energies.

The Caribbean is vulnerable to a number of natural disasters and so too is its energy infrastructure. COVID-19 has raised questions about the resilience of energy infrastructure if a disaster such as a cyclone were to hit the region during the pandemic and the cascading impacts of this on critical services and well-being. Renewable energy systems are capable of surviving many types of natural disaster and would provide some protection in the case of an additional emergency during the COVID-19 pandemic[3].

In addition, the wider benefits of renewable energy have been considered for recovery in the Caribbean. The benefits include lower costs of energy, more stable energy provision, and increased independence through diversified and local energy sources which would boost the economy and help develop equitable access to power.

[3] Energy news: http://newenergyevents.com/coronavirus-the-caribbean-is-the-first-domino-to-fall-but-there-is-hope/